NATIONAL MOVEMENTS AND THE NEW STATES IN AFRICA
Preface
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN NATIONALISM
CHAPTER 2: THE ITALO-ETHIOPIAN WAR
CHAPTER 3: THE IMPACT OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR ON AFRICA
CHAPTER FOUR:THE EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
CHAPTER FIVE:THE GHANAIAN REVOLUTION
CHAPTER SIX:THE DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA: UNITY OR BALKANIZATION
CHAPTER SEVEN:PAN AFRICANISM
CHAPTER NINE:NEO-COLONIALISM
CHAPTER TEN:AFRICAN POLITICAL PARTIES: THEIR ROLE IN THE REGAINING OF INDEPENDENCE
CHAPTER ELEVEN:NATIONALISM IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER TWELVE: NATIONALISM IN CONGO
CHAPTER THIRTEEN:NATIONALISM IN TANGANYIKA
CHAPTER FOURTEEN:NATIONALISM IN KENYA: THE DEFEAT OF REGIONALISM
CHAPTER FIFTEEN:MAU- MAU IN KENYA (1952-1956)
CHAPTER SIXTEEN:THE ALGERIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN:THE ARMED STRUGGLE: THE 1960S AND 1970S
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE IN MOZAMBIQUE
CHAPTER NINETEEN:THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE IN ZIMBABWE
CHAPTER TWENTY:THE POLISARIO WAR IN WESTERN SAHARA
CHAPTER TWENTY ONE:THE LIBERATION WAR IN NAMIBIA
CHAPTER TWENTY TWO:AFRIKANER AND AFRICAN NATIONALISM IN SOUTH AFRICA
CHAPTER TWENTY THREE:NATIONALISM IN UGANDA
CHAPTER TWENTY FOUR:UGANDA NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT (UNLF) (1979-1980)
Introduction
The Obote II Government (1980-1985)
Reasons for the fall of Obote.
Okello's military council ( JULY 1985 JANUARY 1986)
Reasons for the fall of Okello's regime.
The National Resistance Movement (NRM)
NRM Ten Point Programme
Reasons for the success of the bush war
Developments under the NRM Government
The Econmomic and Social achievements
Weaknesses of the NRM Government
Problems Uganda has faced since Independence
REFERENCES
CHAPTER TWENTY FIVE:PROBLEMS OF DISUNITY: CIVIL WAR IN SUDAN
CHAPTER TWENTY SIX:THE ERITREAN SECESSION WAR FROM 1961-1993
CHAPTER TWENTY SIX:POLITICAL INSTABILITIES IN THE HORN OF AFRICA.
CHAPTER TWENTY SEVEN:SECESSIONISM IN ZAIRE, 1960-
CHAPTER TWENTY EIGHT:THE NIGERIAN CIVIL/ SECESSION WAR, 1967-70
CHAPTER TWENTY NINE:THE CIVIL WAR IN CHAD FROM 1965-1982
CHAPTER THIRTY:THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR, 1975-6
CHAPTER THIRTY ONE:MOZAMBICAN CIVIL WAR 1977-1994
CHAPTER THIRTY TWO:THE RWANDA REVOLUTION- 1959-1994
CHAPTER THIRTY THREE:THE ZANZIBAR REVOLUTION OF 1964
CHAPTER THIRTY FOUR:MILITARY COUP D'ETATS
CHAPTER THIRTY FIVE:THE LIBYAN REVOLUTION- 1969
CHAPTER THIRTY SIX:THE ONE-PARTY SYSTEM
CHAPTER THIRTY SEVEN:MULTIPARTY SYSTEM
CHAPTER THIRTY EIGHT:NATIONAL UNITY AND SOCIALISM
CHAPTER THIRTY NINE:AFRICAN CULTURE
CHAPTER FOURTY:REGIONAL AFRICAN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS
CHAPTER FOURTY ONE:POPULATION EXPLOSION IN AFRICA
CHAPTER FOURTY TWO:WARS BETWEEN INDEPENDENT AFRICAN STATES
CHAPTER FOURTY THREE:NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM)
CHAPTER FOURTY FOUR:MAJOR PROBLEMS OF AFRICA
CHAPTER FOURTY FIVE:THE BEST TECHNIQUES TO PASSING A' LEVEL HISTORY PAPER 1
REFERENCES

"No one should think that what is happening today is a mere change of guards: it is a fundamental change in the politics of our country"._ Y.K Museveni (1986

 

NRM government came to power after its victory over the military junta. Yoweri Museveni at the age of 42 was sworn in as Uganda's eighth President on 29th January 1986. He assured Ugandans that his take over was not "a mere change of guards but fundamental change" in the politics of the country.

Museveni was born in 1944 in Kyamate among the Banyankole -Bahima nomads of Southwestern Uganda to Amos Kaguta and Estheri Kokundeka. Museveni became politically active since his student days, studied political science at the University of Dar-es-Salaam, graduating in 1970 with a Bachelor of Arts. He worked in Obote's office as a secretary for research.

 

After Amin's coup in 1971, Museveni with his Front for National Salvation worked together with Obote's Kikos Malum and the Tanzanian Peoples Defence Forces, which ousted Amin in April 1979. In governments that succeeded Amin, Museveni served briefly as Minister of defence, Regional co-operation and vice chairman of the Military Commission.

Contested for Presidency through his UPM party but lost miserably to Obote. On Feb.6.1981, Museveni went to the bush, and with 26 other young men organised the NRA to oppose the dictatorship that Obote's regime had unleashed upon the people. He came to power in 1986 and has become Uganda's longest ruling president since independence.

 

When he came to power, Museveni condemned the acts of the former leaders, which were based on sectarianism backed by illiterate armies rooted in the colonial era.
The NRM inherited a collapsed economy, decayed infrastructure with institutions of law and order in disarray, a disheartened civil service, a disillusioned population and a decline of moral standards.

 

The NRM leadership set out to establish a broad based system of governance without involving parties. The NRM system of governance is based on individual merit. It is a system, which embraces all citizens of a country. It is meant to be a short term but its survival depended so much on the referendum. Its leadership is based on the ten-point programme.

 

Immediately the NRM government came to power, all political party activities were suspended. A constitution commission was appointed, headed by Justice Odoki to make a new constitution for Uganda. The commission gathered views from Ugandans that finally made the daft constitution. The people through universal adult suffrage elected the Constitution assembly to debate and enact the constitution. This was successfully made in 1995.

ABOVE: Some of the Generals who fought in the bush still working hard to maintain peace in the country.

 

The referendum was held in June 2000 but was largely boycotted by multi partists and other members of the opposition. The results showed that the movement was still very popular especially among the peasants and upcountry folks.

 

Elections at local council level, parliamentary and presidential have been held regularly since in 1989. This is a sign of participatory democracy, which Ugandans wanted. However, the conditions only favour movement candidates in all aspects.

National Movements and New States in Africa