NATIONAL MOVEMENTS AND THE NEW STATES IN AFRICA
Preface
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION TO AFRICAN NATIONALISM
CHAPTER 2: THE ITALO-ETHIOPIAN WAR
CHAPTER 3: THE IMPACT OF THE SECOND WORLD WAR ON AFRICA
CHAPTER FOUR:THE EGYPTIAN REVOLUTION
CHAPTER FIVE:THE GHANAIAN REVOLUTION
CHAPTER SIX:THE DECOLONIZATION OF AFRICA: UNITY OR BALKANIZATION
CHAPTER SEVEN:PAN AFRICANISM
CHAPTER NINE:NEO-COLONIALISM
CHAPTER TEN:AFRICAN POLITICAL PARTIES: THEIR ROLE IN THE REGAINING OF INDEPENDENCE
CHAPTER ELEVEN:NATIONALISM IN NIGERIA
CHAPTER TWELVE: NATIONALISM IN CONGO
CHAPTER THIRTEEN:NATIONALISM IN TANGANYIKA
CHAPTER FOURTEEN:NATIONALISM IN KENYA: THE DEFEAT OF REGIONALISM
CHAPTER FIFTEEN:MAU- MAU IN KENYA (1952-1956)
CHAPTER SIXTEEN:THE ALGERIAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE.
CHAPTER SEVENTEEN:THE ARMED STRUGGLE: THE 1960S AND 1970S
CHAPTER EIGHTEEN: THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE IN MOZAMBIQUE
CHAPTER NINETEEN:THE WAR OF INDEPENDENCE IN ZIMBABWE
CHAPTER TWENTY:THE POLISARIO WAR IN WESTERN SAHARA
CHAPTER TWENTY ONE:THE LIBERATION WAR IN NAMIBIA
CHAPTER TWENTY TWO:AFRIKANER AND AFRICAN NATIONALISM IN SOUTH AFRICA
CHAPTER TWENTY THREE:NATIONALISM IN UGANDA
CHAPTER TWENTY FOUR:UGANDA NATIONAL LIBERATION FRONT (UNLF) (1979-1980)
Introduction
The Obote II Government (1980-1985)
Reasons for the fall of Obote.
Okello's military council ( JULY 1985 JANUARY 1986)
Reasons for the fall of Okello's regime.
The National Resistance Movement (NRM)
NRM Ten Point Programme
Reasons for the success of the bush war
Developments under the NRM Government
The Econmomic and Social achievements
Weaknesses of the NRM Government
Problems Uganda has faced since Independence
REFERENCES
CHAPTER TWENTY FIVE:PROBLEMS OF DISUNITY: CIVIL WAR IN SUDAN
CHAPTER TWENTY SIX:THE ERITREAN SECESSION WAR FROM 1961-1993
CHAPTER TWENTY SIX:POLITICAL INSTABILITIES IN THE HORN OF AFRICA.
CHAPTER TWENTY SEVEN:SECESSIONISM IN ZAIRE, 1960-
CHAPTER TWENTY EIGHT:THE NIGERIAN CIVIL/ SECESSION WAR, 1967-70
CHAPTER TWENTY NINE:THE CIVIL WAR IN CHAD FROM 1965-1982
CHAPTER THIRTY:THE ANGOLAN CIVIL WAR, 1975-6
CHAPTER THIRTY ONE:MOZAMBICAN CIVIL WAR 1977-1994
CHAPTER THIRTY TWO:THE RWANDA REVOLUTION- 1959-1994
CHAPTER THIRTY THREE:THE ZANZIBAR REVOLUTION OF 1964
CHAPTER THIRTY FOUR:MILITARY COUP D'ETATS
CHAPTER THIRTY FIVE:THE LIBYAN REVOLUTION- 1969
CHAPTER THIRTY SIX:THE ONE-PARTY SYSTEM
CHAPTER THIRTY SEVEN:MULTIPARTY SYSTEM
CHAPTER THIRTY EIGHT:NATIONAL UNITY AND SOCIALISM
CHAPTER THIRTY NINE:AFRICAN CULTURE
CHAPTER FOURTY:REGIONAL AFRICAN ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS
CHAPTER FOURTY ONE:POPULATION EXPLOSION IN AFRICA
CHAPTER FOURTY TWO:WARS BETWEEN INDEPENDENT AFRICAN STATES
CHAPTER FOURTY THREE:NON-ALIGNED MOVEMENT (NAM)
CHAPTER FOURTY FOUR:MAJOR PROBLEMS OF AFRICA
CHAPTER FOURTY FIVE:THE BEST TECHNIQUES TO PASSING A' LEVEL HISTORY PAPER 1
REFERENCES

This was Uganda's third Military government. Major Eric Odwar announced it on Radio Uganda on 27th July 1985 on behalf of the so-called "Patriotic Soldiers". Kampala and other towns were immediately swept clean by looters. In Lira and Apac districts, schools were raided and students tortured and killed by Acholi soldiers. The reasons for the coup as given by major Zed Maruru were:

• Obote was accused of being responsible for the death of many people by prolonging the war in Luwero Triangle.
• Destruction of property during the war.
• Arbitrary arrests, detention without trial and gross abuse of human rights.
• Obote was favouring the Langi in the army and other sectors hence promoting them and demoting the Acholi and other groups.
• High level of corruption and embezzlement of funds by ministers and other government officials.

The military council was headed by an aged veteran General Tito Okello as Chairman and President of Uganda. General Tito Okello was an army officer from Acholi who joined the King's African Rifles in the 1940s. He fought for the British during the Second World War in the far East Asia. Okello served as a commanding officer for Masaka Barracks until Amin came to power. He followed Obote in Tanzania until they organized to topple Amin in 1979. He is said to have been very loyal to Obote until disagreements came later. Col. Wilson Toko was the Vice Chairman of the military council and Vice President of Uganda. He had earlier served as a military officer in the Amin regime.

General Basilio Olala Okello who was in charge of defence also joined the army in the 1940s. Paul Muwanga was made executive Prime Minister but later replaced by Abraham Waligo. Many people rejected Muwanga's appointment. Olala Otunu was minister of foreign affairs, Paul Semogerere, the president of DP was minister of internal affairs.

 

General Tito Okello lutwa was one of the commanders Of the Uganda National Liberation Army that fought To overthrow Amin.
The government consisted of among others Andrew Kayiira, George Ngwanga, Livingstone Kalyesubura, Major Amin Onzi, Major General Lumago, and Major Zed Maruru.

 

In order to form a broad based government, the Military Council called up all the groups that were fighting the Obote regime to come out and join them. Apart from NRA which refused to come out of the bush, others like DP and fighting other groups jumped on Tito Okello's bandwagon to struggle for power for example: Andrew Kayira's Uganda Freedom Movement (UFM), Moses Ali's Uganda National Rescue Front (UNRF), George Nkwanga's Federal Democratic Movement of Uganda (FEDEMU), the Former Uganda's National Army (FUNA)-Amin's former soldiers headed by Col. Wilson Toko.

 

Some other Ugandans joined them among whom were Robert Kitariko, Yoweri Kyesimira, Sam Kutesa, Timothy Wangusa among others. They received ministerial appointments, which lasted for a very short time.

 

The regime faced problems resulting from power sharing between the armed groups which surrendered to the military Junta. However, the issue of the NRA in the bush remained a "thorn in the flesh" of the military junta. They saw the Nairobi Peace Talks as the only solution.

 

When the Okellos took control of Kampala, Museveni took effective command of Western Uganda: Hoima, Masindi, Fort Portal, Kasese, Kabale, Mbarara and eventually Masaka fell to the NRA.

 

Before the coup, the NRA had been effectively restricted to Luwero Triangle by Obote's army. Making full use of the new-found room to manoeuvre, Museveni quickly established a civilian administration in the areas he controlled.

 

Museveni had trained a peoples' army which was very friendly to the civilians, and as a result his new "government" enjoyed a lot of popularity that people who were under Okello's administration admired those areas.

National Movements and New States in Africa