In 1952, the British Government mooted the idea of a federation of East Africa and all the Kingdoms rejected it. However, Buganda's response was the strongest. The Kabaka responded by asking for the 'independence' of Buganda from Uganda.

This request was rejected by the Protectorate Government, which responded by deporting Kabaka Mutesa on 30 November 1953, on the charge that he had refused to co-operate with the British Government as per the 1900 Agreement, which had stripped him of his political powers.

The agreement had turned the Kabaka into a servant of the colonial state because he could not do anything political without the approval of the colonial rulers. The deportation of the Kabaka provoked Buganda nationalism arousing the Baganda to agitate for his return.

Also, almost all the district councils in the Protectorate passed resolutions condemning the British. As a result of increased pressure, the Governor worked out ways for his return. He proposed a conference under the chairmanship of Professor Keith Hancock.

This resulted into the Namirembe Conference of 1954, which formed the basis for the return of the Kabaka on October 17 1955.

Sir Fredrick Edward Mutesa Walugembe II was crowned the 37th Kabaka of Buganda in November 1942 and was claimed His Highness Mutesa II, by the Anglican Bishop of the protectorate of Uganda.

For his education, Mutesa attended King's College Buddo where he interacted with friends like Daudi Ochieng. Later after his coronation, he went to Makerere College for a degree course. From there he went to Cambridge University in England to study history and colonial administration.

When he left Cambridge he served for a short time with the Grenadier Guards, one of Britain's most famous fighting regiments who guard the Buckingham Palace. In this force, Mutesa was promoted to the rank of Captain.