KAWA MULTIMEDIA PUBLICATIONS
Disadvantages
• Need for much original capital which may not be available in developing countries.
• Expenses are high especially paying for labour, machinery, fertilisers which may not be recovered in a short run.
• Soil exhaustion
• Monoculture which leads to easy spread of diseases.
• Soil erosion which is caused by monoculture. This results into low yields.
• Price fluctuation on the world market.
• Requires skilled man power which is expensive to get.
• Expenses are high especially paying for labour, machinery, fertilisers which may not be recovered in a short run.
• Soil exhaustion
• Monoculture which leads to easy spread of diseases.
• Soil erosion which is caused by monoculture. This results into low yields.
• Price fluctuation on the world market.
• Requires skilled man power which is expensive to get.
Activity
QUESTION
1. (A) Draw a sketch map of Southern Nigeria and on it mark and label the following:
(i) Areas growing Cocoa, rubber and oil palm
(ii) Towns: Lagos and Port Harcourt
(iii) Rivers: Niger and Benue
(b) Describe the conditions that have favoured the growing of the crops named in (a) (I) above.
(c) Explain the contribution of the agricultural sector to the development of Nigeria
(d) Outline the
(I) Problems facing agriculture in Southern Nigeria
(II) Steps being taken to solve the problems outlined in (d) (i) above
QUESTION THIRTY TWO
Study the table below showing Robusta Coffee production in bags for selected countries in Africa.
Countries '000'of bags
Angola 334
Cameroon 2300
Central A. Republic 250
Madagascar 130
Sierra Leone 221
Zaire 1500
Ivory Coast 5500
Source: W. G. Mins. Geog. of Africa.
a)(i) Draw a Bar Graph to show Robusta Coffee production in the selected countries
(ii) Outline the conditions for coffee growing.
(iii) State the two main facts about Robusta coffee revealed by the table and the graph above.
(b) Give the main uses of Coffee.
(c) What problems face the Coffee producers?
(d) Give solutions to the problems.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
A bar graph showing the production of Robusta coffee in selected countries.
(i) Conditions favourable for Coffee growing.
• Moderate rainfall between 1000-1500 mm with at least two months dry period.
• Temperatures of between 10oC and 14oC but night temperatures of above 10oC.
• Protection from strong winds.
• Plenty of cheap labour.
• Cool Upland conditions of between 1520 and 2128 metres.
• Well drained fertile soils preferably of volcanic nature.
Two main facts about the graph and the table are:-
• Ivory Coast is the largest producer of Robusta Coffee with 55,500,000 tones.
• The other countries produce limited quantities of Robusta Coffee as compared to Ivory Coast.
• Production from other countries is not even half of what Ivory Coast produces.
• Sierra Leone is the least producer of coffee.
The main uses of Coffee
• Coffee drink or beverage which is regularly drank by people especially during cool conditions.
• Income to the farmers, whose standard of living can be improved so that they can also purchase other commodities like radios, bicycles, save some money and also invest.
• Husks are used as Fuel.
• Exported to get foreign exchange.
• Provides employment.
• Government gets Revenue
• Provision of raw materials for other associated industries.
Problems faced by Coffee farmers are:-
• Labour shortage especially during the period of harvesting
• The crop has from time to time suffered price fluctuations due to over production by large scale producers.
• Low prices paid to the farmers.
• Competition from other producers.
• Pests and diseases which limit the quality of the crop.
• Limited local market since some people do not even know the use of the coffee they grow apart from selling it.
• Soil exhaustion due to poor soil management.
• Soil erosion due to monoculture
• Fertilizers and insecticides are too costly be afforded by smaller farmers.
• Transport problems especially in the rain season. Most roads in the coffee growing areas are impassable when it rains.
• Limited capital to buy machines and pay for labour.
• The ever unpredictable climatic conditions.
The solutions are:-
• Diversification of the economy.
• Application of fertilizers.
• Formation of co-operative Societies to promote marketing.
• Use crop rotation to protect the soil.
• Use machines for coffee picking.
• Acquisition of capital from the banks.
Question thirty-three
Study the table below showing the contribution of agriculture to national income (Domestic output), employment and land availability in three given countries in Africa.
country Share of Agric in Domestic output (national Income) % Prop of Lab. Force in Agric %) Area of Arable land/ pers. In agric. (ha)
Ghana
Malawi
Uganda 51
52
60 56
81
89 0.55
0.40
0.55
Source: Abbot, J.C and Makeham, J.P, “Agriculture Economics and marketing in the tropics
(a) Draw a bar graph to show the contribution of agriculture in the domestic output of the three countries.
(b) (I) In which does agriculture contribute most to the domestic output?
(ii) In which country does agriculture contribute least to the domestic out put?
(c) Using the information given in the table and your own knowledge
(i) Give reason for the difference noted in (b) above.
(ii) What factors have influenced agriculture domestic output in Malawi?
(d) Name other economic activities that contribute to the domestic output of Ghana.
1. (A) Draw a sketch map of Southern Nigeria and on it mark and label the following:
(i) Areas growing Cocoa, rubber and oil palm
(ii) Towns: Lagos and Port Harcourt
(iii) Rivers: Niger and Benue
(b) Describe the conditions that have favoured the growing of the crops named in (a) (I) above.
(c) Explain the contribution of the agricultural sector to the development of Nigeria
(d) Outline the
(I) Problems facing agriculture in Southern Nigeria
(II) Steps being taken to solve the problems outlined in (d) (i) above
QUESTION THIRTY TWO
Study the table below showing Robusta Coffee production in bags for selected countries in Africa.
Countries '000'of bags
Angola 334
Cameroon 2300
Central A. Republic 250
Madagascar 130
Sierra Leone 221
Zaire 1500
Ivory Coast 5500
Source: W. G. Mins. Geog. of Africa.
a)(i) Draw a Bar Graph to show Robusta Coffee production in the selected countries
(ii) Outline the conditions for coffee growing.
(iii) State the two main facts about Robusta coffee revealed by the table and the graph above.
(b) Give the main uses of Coffee.
(c) What problems face the Coffee producers?
(d) Give solutions to the problems.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
A bar graph showing the production of Robusta coffee in selected countries.
(i) Conditions favourable for Coffee growing.
• Moderate rainfall between 1000-1500 mm with at least two months dry period.
• Temperatures of between 10oC and 14oC but night temperatures of above 10oC.
• Protection from strong winds.
• Plenty of cheap labour.
• Cool Upland conditions of between 1520 and 2128 metres.
• Well drained fertile soils preferably of volcanic nature.
Two main facts about the graph and the table are:-
• Ivory Coast is the largest producer of Robusta Coffee with 55,500,000 tones.
• The other countries produce limited quantities of Robusta Coffee as compared to Ivory Coast.
• Production from other countries is not even half of what Ivory Coast produces.
• Sierra Leone is the least producer of coffee.
The main uses of Coffee
• Coffee drink or beverage which is regularly drank by people especially during cool conditions.
• Income to the farmers, whose standard of living can be improved so that they can also purchase other commodities like radios, bicycles, save some money and also invest.
• Husks are used as Fuel.
• Exported to get foreign exchange.
• Provides employment.
• Government gets Revenue
• Provision of raw materials for other associated industries.
Problems faced by Coffee farmers are:-
• Labour shortage especially during the period of harvesting
• The crop has from time to time suffered price fluctuations due to over production by large scale producers.
• Low prices paid to the farmers.
• Competition from other producers.
• Pests and diseases which limit the quality of the crop.
• Limited local market since some people do not even know the use of the coffee they grow apart from selling it.
• Soil exhaustion due to poor soil management.
• Soil erosion due to monoculture
• Fertilizers and insecticides are too costly be afforded by smaller farmers.
• Transport problems especially in the rain season. Most roads in the coffee growing areas are impassable when it rains.
• Limited capital to buy machines and pay for labour.
• The ever unpredictable climatic conditions.
The solutions are:-
• Diversification of the economy.
• Application of fertilizers.
• Formation of co-operative Societies to promote marketing.
• Use crop rotation to protect the soil.
• Use machines for coffee picking.
• Acquisition of capital from the banks.
Question thirty-three
Study the table below showing the contribution of agriculture to national income (Domestic output), employment and land availability in three given countries in Africa.
country Share of Agric in Domestic output (national Income) % Prop of Lab. Force in Agric %) Area of Arable land/ pers. In agric. (ha)
Ghana
Malawi
Uganda 51
52
60 56
81
89 0.55
0.40
0.55
Source: Abbot, J.C and Makeham, J.P, “Agriculture Economics and marketing in the tropics
(a) Draw a bar graph to show the contribution of agriculture in the domestic output of the three countries.
(b) (I) In which does agriculture contribute most to the domestic output?
(ii) In which country does agriculture contribute least to the domestic out put?
(c) Using the information given in the table and your own knowledge
(i) Give reason for the difference noted in (b) above.
(ii) What factors have influenced agriculture domestic output in Malawi?
(d) Name other economic activities that contribute to the domestic output of Ghana.