Steps taken by Government to end the civil war in Chad
Military
confrontation. The government of Francois Tombalbaye used a military
approach to contain the activities of the FROLINAT. Between 1968 1972,
the Muslim rebels of FROLINAT had taken over large parts in the North,
Central and Eastern part of Chad.
Peace talks with Gadafi. In 1972, president Tombalbaye reached an
understanding with president Muammer Gadafi of Libya to stop supporting
the FROLINAT Muslim rebels.
Tombalbaye's appeasement policy. As a way of appeasing and reconciling
with the Northern Muslims, Tombalbaye appointed a number of them to
ministerial posts in 1972. However, not even this could stop the civil
war.
Re-traditionalizing Chad. Aware that the Chadians had been divided by
foreign religions (Islam and Christianity), Francois Tombalbaye decided
to introduce a cultural revolution in 1973 aimed at weakening alien
religious.
The 1975 coup against Tombalbaye. Soldiers decided to remove Tombalbaye from power accusing him of escalating the civil war.
Malloum's cease-fire agreement. The 1975 coup de tat brought Felix
Malloum an ex-chief of staff to power and he immediately started
devising ways and means of ending the ten year old civil war.
Malloum's meeting with Gadafi. In February 1978, president Malloum of
Chad met president Muamer Gadafi of Libya at Sebha in Libya.
The 1978 Benghazi peace talks. Still in an effort to reconcile with the
rebels, the government of Chad and the FROLINAT representatives met at
Benghazi but failed to reach a cease-fire agreement.
Military help from France. In April 1978, the FROLINAT Muslim rebels opened fire and advanced towards N'djamena.
Formation for a reformed government. August 1978, president Malloum
reformed his government by appointing Hissene Habre as the new Prime
Minister. He empowered him to make a government of national union.
The 1979 Kano agreement. In an effort to put an end to the age long civil war in Chad, the UNO in conjunction with OAU organised reconciliation talks between Hissene Habre and Goukouni Queddei.
The 1979 Kano agreement. In an effort to put an end to the age long civil war in Chad, the UNO in conjunction with OAU organised reconciliation talks between Hissene Habre and Goukouni Queddei.
Goukouni's efforts to reform the government. On gaining power, Goukouni
appointed an experienced police colonel- Wadal Kamoungue , as the new
vice president.
Military assistance from Libya. Differences soon cropped up between
Goukouni and his minister of defence Hissene Habre. Power struggle and
an urban civil war broke out between the forces loyal to Goukouni and
those loyal to Habre.
The OAU's military intervention. In an effort to end the civil strife
in Chad, the OAU sent a peace keeping force of 3,000 men in 1981. These
were mainly from Nigeria , Senegal and Zaire.
The OAU set up a standing committee on Chad. This committee was set up
at a Nairobi OAU summit which was attended by 18 African nations in
February 1982. The 18 nations worked out a peace process for Chad, set
up a time table for elections, drafted a new constitution for Chad etc.
National Movements and New States in Africa