Desert Pavements:

Consists of coarsive materials, large rocks and gravel, which have been compacted together. Rocks are cemented together by sand drawn to the surface by capillary attraction. Surface layers of rocks are 6-7cm thick embedded in finer sands and clays. Deflation process winnows out finer materials leaving the stones. The stony layer is left which protects the loose sand. Deflation ceases. Examples are in Sahara, Libyan and Kalahari Desert and Namib Desert in Namibia.

Deflation hollows:

Deflation hollows are depressions at the surface of the desert. Wind continues to remove materials from a particular area until it is lowered. It is a very slow process taking hundreds of years to remove a few meters.

The process like faulting and solution assists it. They may contain oases or salt lakes. Examples are the Quattara Depression in Egypt and Makarikari of the Kalahari desert in Botswana.

Rock pedestal:

This is a rock structure or pillar whose surface has been made smooth by the abrasive action of the wind. A rock pedestal is a rock mass formed by alternating layers of hard and soft rocks. The shape is formed by wind erosion and weathering.

These processes undercut and wear away the weaker rocks faster than the hard ones. Examples are Mukarob, Asb and finger of God in Namibia, "Devils Rock" of Agade in Niger.

Yardangs:

These are made of deep furrows and elongated ridges running parallel. Defined as parallel harder rocks standing out when the softer rocks are eroded away. When the wind blows parallel to the rock layers, the harder rocks become resistant and are left standing up. Clear examples are seen at the following areas: - Nile Valley North of Aswan, At Rebir and Filf in Egypt, Borko at Omuniaga in Chad.

Zeugens

These are very similar to yardangs. Zeugens have a layer of soft rock beneath a layer of hard rock. Mechanical weathering which is common in desert regions, may open up large cracks on the upperhard layers. The prevailing wind may blow through these cracks.

The abrasive action of the wind deepens them until the softer layer is reached. The underlying softer layer will be more easily eroded until furrows and ridges are formed.

The out standing hard rock or ridge is known as a Zeugen. Zeugens vary from 4 to 30 metres in length.

Mesas and Buttes:
The word mesa is Spanish, meaning a table, an equivalent of the Kiswahili word meza. Mesas are flat topped hills which appear like tables in desert landscapes.

They develop as the slopes retreat in parallel fashion and the upland reduced till only isolated hills remain standing above the general level of the pediplain. Mesas are capped by horizontal layers of hard rock which gives them a tabular appearance.

When these hills (Mesas) become very small, They are called Buttes. Normally mesas and buttes are separated by gorges.

Reg/Ventifacts
The action of wind moves over objects on the path, abrading them in the process and lifting off those that are loose on the ground (deflation). After some time the surface will have polished rocks of all sizes. The general area predominated by these rocks is known as Reg

Wind transport
The material eroded by wind is carried in three main ways namely, saltation, suspension, and surface creep.
Saltation refers to the bouncing action of particles along the surface. Loose sand grains are transported in this way over long distances.
Suspension is where some particles are held up in the ground surface. Deposition occurs when the speed of wind decreases. This happens when the wind meets an obstacle on its path. Wind deposition may occur even beyond the margins of a desert.

A Zeugen
Rocks that cover the ground horizontally have lower strata that are not resistant as the top will form furrows with separating ridge shape as seen in the picture. The action will begin by weathering breaking of the hard pan then the opened up areas are acted upon by wind to prolong the dent which results in furrows.