1:12-18. Testing and temptation
James returns to the thought of trials and
temptations with which he began the letter. In 1:12
the Greek word for 'crown' is used where the Good News Bible translation uses
'reward'. Paul uses the same Greek word in 1 Corinthians
9:25, referring to the wreath which was given to the victor in
the Greek games. Both Paul and James have the thought of the contrast between
the victor's wreath of leaves which lasts for only a few hours but for which he
strives so hard in the games, and the ever-lasting 'crown of glory', meaning
God's gift of eternal life which God gives to those who love him. The idea of
the 'crown' of the Christian is also found in 2 Timothy 4
:8, 1 Peter 5 :4, Revelation 2: 10.
In 1: 13-15 James appears to be arguing
against a prevalent Greek idea that evil came from the gods. James says that no
evil can come from God and if a person finds himself tempted to sin, then he
must blame his own sinful inclination, not God. Man's temptation to sin comes
from within man (Galatians 5:19-21). Evil
desire within man leads to evil actions, which in turn lead to death. In the
Old Testament, Jeremiah and Ezekiel had seen that each person must accept
personal responsibility for sinful desires and actions (Jeremiah
31:30 and Ezekiel 33:9).
In contrast to the wrong idea that temptation to sin
is sent by God, James affirms God's great goodness; from God alone comes
salvation. 'Every good gift and every perfect present comes from heaven; it
comes down from God. .' (1:17).
It is God's will that we should have the first place among his creatures (Romans 8: 19-23). We have been given life
through the 'word of truth' (1 Peter 1:23,
John 1: 1-5). The 'word of truth' may be taken to mean the
Gospel. The idea of the Christian life as the new creation of God is found in other
New Testament- passages such as Colossians
3:9-10, Ephesians 4:24,1 John 3:9, John 1 :13.