(i) The nature of God
Behind all the outward
expressions of Judaism was the faith in the one God who had revealed himself to
the ancestors of the Jews, beginning with Abraham. The Jews could think of
their God in many ways, as Creator, transcendent, holy, omnipotent, omniscient,
just, wise, merciful, absolutely good. His nature had been revealed to them in
the Law. Obedience to the Law and therefore conformity with what was in accordance
with God's commandments was the duty of every Jew. The Jews believed that they
were bound in a covenant relationship with God and were therefore God's own
people, in a unique way. The importance of the Law to Judaism meant that
righteousness came to be equated with precise obedience to the commands of the
Law. We see from the New Testament that to a Pharisee, a 'sinner' was a person
who did not observe the requirements of the Law.