Is concerned with determining the mass of a compound in solid or solution. In other words it is concerned with finding out the amount of each component present in the substance.

Standard solution

A standard solution is a solution of known concentration. For example 20g of NaOH in 1 dm³ of solution is a standard solution.

Molar solution

This is a solution which contains one mole of a substance in 1 litre of solution. Thus the mass of one mole of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), is 23 + 16+1 =40g

Hence a molar solution of sodium hydroxide contains 40g of sodium hydroxide per litre of solution.

(i) The mass of one mole of hydrochloric acid (HC1) is 1+35.5=36.5g.
so a molar solution of hydrochloric acid contains 36.5g of hydrochloric acid per litre of solution.