The role of the ANC in fighting Apartheid.
• Its roles in fighting apartheid were as follows:
• It founded and run a newspaper called "Abantu Batho". In this newspaper, the talented elites of the ANC wrote critical articles, which helped to arouse African nationalism in South Africa.
• Members of the ANC composed songs and slogans against apartheid e.g "Nkozi Sikeleto", "God bless Africa".
• The ANC instigated urban workers to strike against the mistreatment by racist employers.
• The ANC instigated Africans to destroy their passbooks as a way of achieving freedom of movement.
• As the 2nd world war was progressing, the ANC issued a document called "African claims in South Africa".
• In 1942, the youths within the ANC formed the Youth League-which was a militant wing of the ANC. It carried out strikes, demonstrations etc.
• The ANC organised the defiance campaign in 1952, This was a multi-racial campaign against the apartheid laws in South Africa.
• The ANC influenced the different races to come together at Klip Town in 1953, where they adopted a slogan "South Africa belongs To all those who live in it, black or white".
• In 1955, the ANC issued a freedom charter that called for racial equality.
• The young members of the ANC formed the Pan African Congress (PAC) as a way of militarising the struggle against apartheid. They had lost faith in Ghandism.
• In 1959, Albert Luthuli- the new president of the ANC organised a number of positive actions e.g the famous bus boycott in Alexandria by which African workers boycotted bus transport for 3 months.
• The ANC and PAC organised the anti-pass campaign in 1960. This led to the massacre of 67 unarmed women, men and children and about 180 were injured.
• The ANC called for 3 days of mourning for their dead members and it demanded for the release of their imprisoned members. In response, the government banned the ANC.
• Nelson Mandela of the ANC reacted by forming a cell secret organisation called "Umkhonto We Sizwe" - "the spear of the nation". It was militant and carried many brave acts of sabotage against the minority racists.
• The ANC members in exile formed the United Freedom Front (UFF) in London, which continued sending help to South African guerrillas.
• ANC members in exile joined the guerrilla movement and went for military training in Tanzania, Zambia, Algeria and even China.
• The ANC called upon the OAU to support the military struggle against apartheid and it was successful.
• The ANC man, Steve Biko formed the black consciousness movement which was non violent. In 1976, it organised the students' demonstration at Soweto but police shot at them, leaving many dead and wounded. Steve Biko was arrested and died in police custody in 1977 under extreme torture,
• The ANC appealed to the UNO to step up the struggle against apartheid and was successful in doing so.
Qn. Examine the success of the African National Congress (ANC) since 1945
ANC was formed in 1912.
Was highly radicalized by the Second World War, Atlantic charter of 1941, and the UNO anti imperial attitude.
Discarded peaceful constitutional means (Gandhism) as a strategy to attain racial equality instead adopted violence (marxist strategy) in 1945
The institutionalization of Apartheid in 1948 set in a strong opposition from the ANC.
ANC sought recognition from the OAU
ANC obtained assistance from several African countries to train freedom fighters in their countries.
ANC campaigned and won international support to end apartheid.
ANC published the bad conditions in South Africa
ANC obtained UNO support to put pressure on South African regime since 1962.
ANC got UNO support in call for embargo against South Africa.
With international pressure, ANC forced the South African regime to release Nelson Mandela in 1990
ANC had to contend with some western powers which secretly armed freedom fighters in Africa.
ANC had a series of meetings with the Inkatha Freedom party to help end tribal violence in south Africa.
Had diplomatic relations with many countries
Organised talks with the government of De klerk
Won election in 1994 with Mandela becoming the President of South Africa.
On December 10, 1993, South African president F. W. de Klerk and African National Congress president Nelson Mandela received a joint Nobel Peace Prize for their work in bringing racial harmony to South Africa. This photo captures Mandela, left, clapping for de Klerk, center, during the awards ceremony in Oslo, Norway.
• It founded and run a newspaper called "Abantu Batho". In this newspaper, the talented elites of the ANC wrote critical articles, which helped to arouse African nationalism in South Africa.
• Members of the ANC composed songs and slogans against apartheid e.g "Nkozi Sikeleto", "God bless Africa".
• The ANC instigated urban workers to strike against the mistreatment by racist employers.
• The ANC instigated Africans to destroy their passbooks as a way of achieving freedom of movement.
• As the 2nd world war was progressing, the ANC issued a document called "African claims in South Africa".
• In 1942, the youths within the ANC formed the Youth League-which was a militant wing of the ANC. It carried out strikes, demonstrations etc.
• The ANC organised the defiance campaign in 1952, This was a multi-racial campaign against the apartheid laws in South Africa.
• The ANC influenced the different races to come together at Klip Town in 1953, where they adopted a slogan "South Africa belongs To all those who live in it, black or white".
• In 1955, the ANC issued a freedom charter that called for racial equality.
• The young members of the ANC formed the Pan African Congress (PAC) as a way of militarising the struggle against apartheid. They had lost faith in Ghandism.
• In 1959, Albert Luthuli- the new president of the ANC organised a number of positive actions e.g the famous bus boycott in Alexandria by which African workers boycotted bus transport for 3 months.
• The ANC and PAC organised the anti-pass campaign in 1960. This led to the massacre of 67 unarmed women, men and children and about 180 were injured.
• The ANC called for 3 days of mourning for their dead members and it demanded for the release of their imprisoned members. In response, the government banned the ANC.
• Nelson Mandela of the ANC reacted by forming a cell secret organisation called "Umkhonto We Sizwe" - "the spear of the nation". It was militant and carried many brave acts of sabotage against the minority racists.
• The ANC members in exile formed the United Freedom Front (UFF) in London, which continued sending help to South African guerrillas.
• ANC members in exile joined the guerrilla movement and went for military training in Tanzania, Zambia, Algeria and even China.
• The ANC called upon the OAU to support the military struggle against apartheid and it was successful.
• The ANC man, Steve Biko formed the black consciousness movement which was non violent. In 1976, it organised the students' demonstration at Soweto but police shot at them, leaving many dead and wounded. Steve Biko was arrested and died in police custody in 1977 under extreme torture,
• The ANC appealed to the UNO to step up the struggle against apartheid and was successful in doing so.
Qn. Examine the success of the African National Congress (ANC) since 1945
ANC was formed in 1912.
Was highly radicalized by the Second World War, Atlantic charter of 1941, and the UNO anti imperial attitude.
Discarded peaceful constitutional means (Gandhism) as a strategy to attain racial equality instead adopted violence (marxist strategy) in 1945
The institutionalization of Apartheid in 1948 set in a strong opposition from the ANC.
ANC sought recognition from the OAU
ANC obtained assistance from several African countries to train freedom fighters in their countries.
ANC campaigned and won international support to end apartheid.
ANC published the bad conditions in South Africa
ANC obtained UNO support to put pressure on South African regime since 1962.
ANC got UNO support in call for embargo against South Africa.
With international pressure, ANC forced the South African regime to release Nelson Mandela in 1990
ANC had to contend with some western powers which secretly armed freedom fighters in Africa.
ANC had a series of meetings with the Inkatha Freedom party to help end tribal violence in south Africa.
Had diplomatic relations with many countries
Organised talks with the government of De klerk
Won election in 1994 with Mandela becoming the President of South Africa.
On December 10, 1993, South African president F. W. de Klerk and African National Congress president Nelson Mandela received a joint Nobel Peace Prize for their work in bringing racial harmony to South Africa. This photo captures Mandela, left, clapping for de Klerk, center, during the awards ceremony in Oslo, Norway.
National Movements and New States in Africa