KAWA MULTIMEDIA PUBLICATIONS
The problems involved during the construction.
i. Many nomadic pastrolists who used to live in the present area occupied by Lake. Nasser had to be displaced. This became costly to the Egyptian government to resettle them.
ii. The silting of R. Nile due to flooding used to fertilise the Nile valley naturally, but after the construction of the dam this stopped. It therefore necessitated the buying of fertilisers by the farmers along the Nile valley.
iii. Ponding back of the waters of the Nile during the construction of the dam created conditions suitable for the occurrence of bilharzia disease.
iv. There were problems associated with inadequate capital for the purchase of machines and paying for labour.
Lake
Nasser created behind Aswan High dam
ii. The silting of R. Nile due to flooding used to fertilise the Nile valley naturally, but after the construction of the dam this stopped. It therefore necessitated the buying of fertilisers by the farmers along the Nile valley.
iii. Ponding back of the waters of the Nile during the construction of the dam created conditions suitable for the occurrence of bilharzia disease.
iv. There were problems associated with inadequate capital for the purchase of machines and paying for labour.
Lake
Nasser created behind Aswan High dam
Activity
QUESTION FORTY SEVEN
Below is a map of Africa. Study it and answer the questions that follow:
(a)(i) Name dams 1,2,3, and 4.
(ii) Name irrigation schemes marked 5 and 9.
(iii) Name rivers marked 6,7,8, and 10.
b) Outline reasons why dam 4 was constructed.
c) What is the importance of dam 4 to the country it is located.
d) What were the problems involved in the construction of dam 4.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
(a)(i) Dam 1- Kainji. Dam 2- Inga. Dam 3-Cabora Bassa
Dam 4 - Aswan High dam
(ii) Irrigation schemes: Gezira Irrigation Scheme - Richard Toll Scheme
(iii) Rivers: 6 - River Volta, River Gambia; 8 River Vaal 10 River Limpopo
(b) Dam 4 is Aswan High dam found in Egypt.
QUESTION FORTY EIGHT
(a) Draw a map of the lower Nile valley and on it, mark and name:
(i) The Towns: Cairo, Alexandria, Khartoum.
(ii) Rivers: Atbara, White Nile and Blue Nile.
(iv) Dams: Aswan High Dam and Jabel aulia Dam.
b) (i) Name one natural reservoir for river Nile.
(ii) What is the difference between basin and perennial irrigation?
(c) Name two crops grown on the irrigated land.
(d) State six ways in which Egypt has benefited from the Aswan High Dam.
(c) What problems has Egypt suffered from as a result of the construction of Aswan High Dam?
QUESTION FORTY NINE
49(a)(i) What is a multi-purpose river project?
(ii) With reference to any one multi-purpose scheme in Africa, draw a sketch map to show its location.
(b) (i) What were the objectives of setting up the project?
(ii) Outline the major benefits of this scheme to the people of the area it is located.
(c) (i) What problems were created by constructing the project?
(ii) State the possible solutions to those problems.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
(a)
i. A Multi-purpose river project is a scheme which has been set to serve more than two purposes. These schemes can be set up to control floods, provide H.E.P, irrigation and tourism and many otherfunctions.
ii. The Kainji Dam in Nigeria. This Dam was opened in 1969. Lies on R. Niger at 550km north of Lagos. It covers a total area of 1,130km and produces 960 megawatts.
LOCATION OF KAINJI DAM
(b) (i) The objectives for setting up:
i. To control the floods on R. Niger.
ii. To generate H.E.P.
iii. To develop North Western Nigeria through irrigation.
iv. Creation of man made lake for inland transport and fishing.
v. Promote industrialisation.
vi. Conservation of the environment.
vii. Creation of employment opportunities.
(ii) Benefit of the Project:
i. Navigation is possible on the man made lakes as far as Yelwa and the Benin Republic.
ii. Transport has been improved by the construction of a good road along the top of the dam.
iii. There has been the generation of 960 megawatts of H.E.P. which is supplied to towns like Lagos, Benin City, Kaduna, Yelwa, Ibadan, Busa, Jebber and Onitsha.
iv. Irrigation is now possible in the area. This has led to improved food production in addition to the high quality supply of fish from the lake.
v. Provision of foreign exchange through H.E.P. export to Niger and Benin Republic.
vi. Creation of employment opportunities to the people who work on irrigation schemes and industries.
vii. There is provision of clean water for home use.
viii. There is development of the local industries.
ix. The scheme has led to rural electrification.
x. Reduction on the costs of imported fuel.
Problems Created by the Project:
i. About 4,000 people living in Bussa were displaced.
ii. Resettling these people at new site on higher ground now called New Bussa was very expensive for the government.
iii. About 50,000 people had to be evacuated to new sites when the rising water covered the village of Agwara. Recently in the 1998 October floods, many villages were drowned leading to death of many people and destruction of their property.
iv. Existence of water snails which cause Bilharzia.
v. The town of Yelwa, though not drowned by the lake, required protection from flood water and an 8 metre high circular dyke had to be constructed to protect the settlement.
Below is a map of Africa. Study it and answer the questions that follow:
(a)(i) Name dams 1,2,3, and 4.
(ii) Name irrigation schemes marked 5 and 9.
(iii) Name rivers marked 6,7,8, and 10.
b) Outline reasons why dam 4 was constructed.
c) What is the importance of dam 4 to the country it is located.
d) What were the problems involved in the construction of dam 4.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
(a)(i) Dam 1- Kainji. Dam 2- Inga. Dam 3-Cabora Bassa
Dam 4 - Aswan High dam
(ii) Irrigation schemes: Gezira Irrigation Scheme - Richard Toll Scheme
(iii) Rivers: 6 - River Volta, River Gambia; 8 River Vaal 10 River Limpopo
(b) Dam 4 is Aswan High dam found in Egypt.
QUESTION FORTY EIGHT
(a) Draw a map of the lower Nile valley and on it, mark and name:
(i) The Towns: Cairo, Alexandria, Khartoum.
(ii) Rivers: Atbara, White Nile and Blue Nile.
(iv) Dams: Aswan High Dam and Jabel aulia Dam.
b) (i) Name one natural reservoir for river Nile.
(ii) What is the difference between basin and perennial irrigation?
(c) Name two crops grown on the irrigated land.
(d) State six ways in which Egypt has benefited from the Aswan High Dam.
(c) What problems has Egypt suffered from as a result of the construction of Aswan High Dam?
QUESTION FORTY NINE
49(a)(i) What is a multi-purpose river project?
(ii) With reference to any one multi-purpose scheme in Africa, draw a sketch map to show its location.
(b) (i) What were the objectives of setting up the project?
(ii) Outline the major benefits of this scheme to the people of the area it is located.
(c) (i) What problems were created by constructing the project?
(ii) State the possible solutions to those problems.
POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
(a)
i. A Multi-purpose river project is a scheme which has been set to serve more than two purposes. These schemes can be set up to control floods, provide H.E.P, irrigation and tourism and many otherfunctions.
ii. The Kainji Dam in Nigeria. This Dam was opened in 1969. Lies on R. Niger at 550km north of Lagos. It covers a total area of 1,130km and produces 960 megawatts.
LOCATION OF KAINJI DAM
(b) (i) The objectives for setting up:
i. To control the floods on R. Niger.
ii. To generate H.E.P.
iii. To develop North Western Nigeria through irrigation.
iv. Creation of man made lake for inland transport and fishing.
v. Promote industrialisation.
vi. Conservation of the environment.
vii. Creation of employment opportunities.
(ii) Benefit of the Project:
i. Navigation is possible on the man made lakes as far as Yelwa and the Benin Republic.
ii. Transport has been improved by the construction of a good road along the top of the dam.
iii. There has been the generation of 960 megawatts of H.E.P. which is supplied to towns like Lagos, Benin City, Kaduna, Yelwa, Ibadan, Busa, Jebber and Onitsha.
iv. Irrigation is now possible in the area. This has led to improved food production in addition to the high quality supply of fish from the lake.
v. Provision of foreign exchange through H.E.P. export to Niger and Benin Republic.
vi. Creation of employment opportunities to the people who work on irrigation schemes and industries.
vii. There is provision of clean water for home use.
viii. There is development of the local industries.
ix. The scheme has led to rural electrification.
x. Reduction on the costs of imported fuel.
Problems Created by the Project:
i. About 4,000 people living in Bussa were displaced.
ii. Resettling these people at new site on higher ground now called New Bussa was very expensive for the government.
iii. About 50,000 people had to be evacuated to new sites when the rising water covered the village of Agwara. Recently in the 1998 October floods, many villages were drowned leading to death of many people and destruction of their property.
iv. Existence of water snails which cause Bilharzia.
v. The town of Yelwa, though not drowned by the lake, required protection from flood water and an 8 metre high circular dyke had to be constructed to protect the settlement.