The Qattara depression project

The Qattara Depression, in the desert west of the delta, is approximately 19500 square kilometres in area and, at its deepest point, 134 metres below sea level. Plans are now under way to construct ten man-made lakes at differing levels in the depression. Water will fall from one to the other, passing through power stations as it goes and generating great amounts of electricity.
The water for this will be pumped from the Mediterranean and will also support fish farming in each lake, not to mention the .build up of evaporated salts in the lowest areas of the depression which could perhaps support a new sodium salt-based chemical industry.
Egypt has a population problem; but with the help of friendly countries, the significant advances in agriculture and industry which were initiated by the great Aswan Dam will be expanded still further to help keep pace with it.
IDevice Icon Activity

Question sixty-two
    Draw a map of Egypt.
    (a)    On it mark and name:
(i)    The major towns, (ii) Major industrial centres
(iii) Mining centres (iv) Aswan high dam and L. Nasser, (v) Railway line and the canals
b)    Explain the conditions which have led to the development of industries in Egypt.
c)    Explain why chemical industries have developed in Egypt.
d)    For any town in Egypt; Identify the following:
(i)    benefits resulting from the establishment of             industries.
(ii)    Outline the problems facing industries in              Egypt.

POSSIBLE ANSWERS
Map of Egypt showing major towns, major industrial centres, mining centres, Aswan high dam and l. Nasser, railway line and the canals

 

 57.(b)    Egypt is the second industrial country after
   South Africa.  The industries
    developed due to:
i.    The construction of the Aswan High Dam which provided power and stimulated the industries at Aswan for fertilizer, Asyut for sugar refining, Edfu for paper and pulp, Alexandria and Cairo for textiles and the Suez for oil refining.
ii.    Being in the desert, Egypt does not produce its own food.  This stimulated the development and expansion of her industrial base so that exports from industry can pay for the import of food.
iii.    The existence of local raw materials like cotton, wheat, sugar cane, fruits have led to the growth of processing industries.
iv.    The discovery of more minerals has led to the development of industries based on iron ore, manganese, petroleum, phosphates and gold.
v.    The existence of very high population of about 40 million in the delta region has provided labour and market for the industries.
vi.    The government policy that has protected the industries from the foreign competition, provided loans and encouraged industrialists.
vii.    The cheap transport provided by R. Nile.
viii.    Availability of large flat land providing room for industrial expansion.
ix.    The toll dues collected from the Suez canal which provide the country with substantial amount of foreign exchange.
x.    The rich cultural heritage backed by thousands of  Pyramids that attracts thousands of tourists.
(c)    Chemical industries have developed in Egypt because:
i.    The existence of oil as a raw material for the chemical industries.
ii.    The need to produce light goods which fetched high prices on the world market.
iii.    The chemical industries produce at low costs.
iv.    The high market provided by Egyptians and the neighbouring countries.
(d)i) A town like Alexandria has grown because of the industries which:
i.    Provide employment to the people, thus high income.  These people continue to construct in town leading to the growth of the town.
ii.    The chemical industries like petro-chemical, plastic synthetic, rubber, have led to the growth of other industries in the town.
iii.    Development of social infrastructure.
iv.    Research centres have sprung up in the town.
Problems facing industries in Egypt:
i.    There is still a problem of inadequate transport
ii.    network.  The existing roads and railways are now     
iii.    overburdened and crowded due to many industries   
iv.    especially in the Delta Region.
v.    A problem of lack of water for her industries.
vi.    Concentration of many industries in the Nile delta
vii.    and Cairo region which leads to pollution.
viii.    Strikes in the mining centres and industries.
ix.    The rapidly increasing population which has forced Egypt to import a lot of foodstuffs.  This reduce the revenue earned from her exports.
x.    The problem of pollution caused by the concentration of industries in one area.

QUESTION SIXTY THREE
(a)    Draw the map of Egypt and mark the following towns:
(i)    Cairo; (ii) Suez;  (3) Edfu;  (iv) El Mahalla el Kubra;  (v) Port Said  (vi) Alexandria.
(b)    What type of industry is found in each town named above?
(c)    What are the Free Zone areas in Egypt and where are they located?
(d)    What is the economic importance of the Free Zones?

QUESTION SIXTY FOUR
64.    Study the map of Africa and answer the question.
Selected industrial centers and hydro-electric power centers.

 

(a)    On your answer sheet, name:
(i)    The industrial centres marked A,B and C.
(ii)    Hydro-electric power stations marked D,E and F.
(b)    Explain the factors that led to the industrial growth of either region B or region C.
(c)    Give reason why most of the industrial     centres in Africa, north of the equator are located at the coast.
(d)    State four reasons that led to the establishment of H.E.P. station marked G on  the map.

 



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