Problems Faced by the Post-Independence Government In Mozambique
Rival
elements within FRELIMO tried, on several occasions to overthrow Samora
Machel. They did this in collaboration with external forces.
The outbreak of a civil war
from 1977 - 1994 led to national insecurity and high government
expenditure. The RENAMO rebels sabotaged communication lines and
agriculture.
There was a serious
shortage of skilled man power since the Portuguese hadn't bothered to
train Africans. Incompetent Mozambicans took up posts in government.
There were high illiteracy levels (Almost 90% of the population was illiterate by 1975)
There were high illiteracy levels (Almost 90% of the population was illiterate by 1975)
Poverty which was a result
of the destructive war of independence i.e destruction of property by
the Portuguese and poor government policy.
A fall in the sugar prices
on the world market led to loss of foreign exchange and affected
Mozambique's balance of payments negatively. It also affected the
workers' wages and standard of living.
A fall in the wages of Mozambican labourers in S. Africa had a negative effect on Mozambique's economy.
The imposition of sanction
on former Rhodesia in 1976 deprived Mozambique of the revenue she had
been obtaining from Rhodesia's use of her railways and sea ports.
There was a severe drought causing starvation, misery and riots against Samora Machel's government.
Rebel activities led to a
refugee outflow from Mozambique to neighbouring countries where they
suffered sexual abuses, disease and hunger. It also led to internal
displacements and decline of agriculture.
The death of Samora Machel
in a planned plane crash in 1986 robbed Mozambique of an outstanding
charismatic leader. It is suspected that he was assassinated by South
African and Western agents- probably the CIA.
South African interference
into Mozambique's affairs whereby it supported RENAMO rebels against
Mozambique government South Africa accused Mozambique of supporting ANC
rebels and used this to attack Mozambican territories. The worst attack
was on Matolla refugee camp.
The Portuguese settlers who fled to South Africa and Southern Rhodesia continued supporting the RENAMO.
Corruption in the state owned ventures.
National Movements and New States in Africa