KAWA MULTIMEDIA PUBLICATIONS
The negative result of urban growth
i. Slum development which is associated with social evils such as prostitution, high crime rates, high rate of alcoholism, robbery with violence, moral decay.
ii. Easy spread of diseases due to congestion and poor sanitation.
iii. There is a high rate of unemployment and the people resort to theft, gambling and prostitution.
iv. Lack of social services to all the people. Inadequate electricity, water, houses, few roads which result into congestion leading to high death rates.
v. Urbanisation leads to environmental degradation due
vi. to high demand for charcoal.
vii. There is a problem of industrial pollution.
viii. The rural urban migration has resulted into:
ix. shortage of labour in rural areas.
x. slow development in towns.
xi. Idleness in towns.
xii. Eventually famine may be constant in the rural areas.
xiii. There is a problem of moral degeneration among the youth who do not value the social norms of society.
xiv. The problem of urban sprawl which refers to the expansion of towns ending up on the farmers’ agricultural land.
xv. There is a problem of traffic jam during the rush hours.
ii. Easy spread of diseases due to congestion and poor sanitation.
iii. There is a high rate of unemployment and the people resort to theft, gambling and prostitution.
iv. Lack of social services to all the people. Inadequate electricity, water, houses, few roads which result into congestion leading to high death rates.
v. Urbanisation leads to environmental degradation due
vi. to high demand for charcoal.
vii. There is a problem of industrial pollution.
viii. The rural urban migration has resulted into:
ix. shortage of labour in rural areas.
x. slow development in towns.
xi. Idleness in towns.
xii. Eventually famine may be constant in the rural areas.
xiii. There is a problem of moral degeneration among the youth who do not value the social norms of society.
xiv. The problem of urban sprawl which refers to the expansion of towns ending up on the farmers’ agricultural land.
xv. There is a problem of traffic jam during the rush hours.
Activity
Study the map of South Africa below and answer the questions that follow:-
(a) Describe the location of Johannesburg.
(i) Name the industrial regions marked 1,2,3,4,5. (ii)State marked 6. (iii) Country 7. (iv) River 8.
(b) Explain at least three functional zones of Johannesburg.
(i) Explain why Johannesburg is a Cornubation.
(ii) Describe the factors that led to the growth of Johannesburg.
(iii) List two heavy and two light industries in the city of Johannesburg.
(iv) Name the seven industrial regions and the industries in each area.
(c)(i) Explain three ways in which industries in Uganda are not as developed as those in South Africa.
(ii) State two ways in which the government is trying to develop industries in Uganda.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS:
(a) Johannesburg "The city of gold" is located on the Gold Bank reef in the north east of the water and which is the mining industrial zone in South Africa advantaged by the existence of local raw materials namely gold, iron ore, and water from the Vaal. The city covers about 27s.km and it is the largest in Africa.
(a) The industrial regions marked are: 1. Johannesburg;
2. Cape town; 3. Port Elizabeth; 4. East London; 5. Durban.
(ii) State marked 6 is Orange Free State.
(iii) Country 7 is Lesotho.
(iv) River 8 is R. Orange.
Some of the functional zones of Johannesburg are:
It is the Centre Business District (C.B.D), this is the busiest part of the city with tall buildings for banks, insurance, offices similar in nature to those sky scrappers of New York or Cairo.
It is a focus of railway and road transport network, Johannesburg is well accessed to the coastal sea ports and markets of Cape town, Port Elizabeth and Durban.
It is a gold mining centre of the Rand, it is the centre of heavy and manufacturing industry. In the whole of s. Africa, its industrial employment leads by 50% in comparison with Cape town 28%, Natal 19%, orange Free State 3% in terms of employment.
d) A Cornubation : A cornubation is an area of large urban communities where towns have spread and become joined beyond their administrative boundaries. Johannesburg conurbation contains a population of about 2.5 million.
Reasons that explain why Johannesburg is a Cornubation are:
There are many gold fields such as Krugersdop, Marainsburg, West Rand, Clerksdop which have a population of about ½ million labourers who have provided market.
The presence of iron ore at Thabazimbi and Pretoria led to the development of iron and steel industry.
There are many coal fields such as Witbank, Middleburg and Vereeninging. This coal is used for cooking purposes, for thermal power and chemical production.
There is a network of good roads and railways which link the land to the main towns and sea ports like Durban, East London, Cape town and Maputo. Johannesburg also has a large airport.
The river Vaal meets the water requirements of the Cornubation.
The Conurbation includes many satellite towns around Johannesburg for example Krigersdrorp, Clerksdrop, Soweto, Marawsburg, Alexandra, Benoni, Spring germiston and Kereenging. All these towns are industrial towns and form part of the conurbation.
ii) The factors that led to the growth of Johannesburg
i. The solid base provided gold and coal, have been the factors responsible for the growth of Johannesburg.
ii. Besides coal and gold, South Africa also produces subsequent quantities of iron ore, tin, lead, manganese, silver, tungsten, phosphates, limestone and salt. These provided raw materials for the industries in the area.
iii. The coming of foreign investors. These found South Africa attractive for industrialisation. The region had enough labour, market, raw materials and cheap power like coal.
iv. The wide range of agricultural products which include both crop and animal products gave rise to the processing industries which attracted high population in the city.
v. The employment opportunities offered by the industries in the region forced people to go and settle in this region.
(iii) The seven industrial (satellite) towns of Johannesburg and their industries are:
i. Germiston: Chemicals and textiles
ii. Nigel Glass, paper, railway carriages
iii. Vanderbiljpark Engineering and machinery
iv. Witbank Steel rolling
v. Kempton Park Food canning
vi. Vereenging Brick and tile production
vii. Transvaal Iron and steel
(e) The ways in which the industries in Uganda are not as developed as industries in South Africa.
i. Industries in South Africa are heavy industries producing manufactured goods for example iron and steel industry and automobile industries. While in Uganda there are processing and agro-based industries only.
ii. Uganda lacks uranium for the provision of power. South Africa has plenty of coal and uranium
iii. The industrial sector in Uganda is largely affected by limited supply of technical know how and capital while South Africa has enough capital and technology.
iv. There are few people employed in industries in Uganda. However, South African industries employ many people.
v. Power industry in Uganda is demonstrated by the H.E.P. while in South Africa a variety of power sources are used.
vi. Industries in Uganda tend to depend on the input from abroad. In South Africa most of the inputs are obtained from within the country.
Ways in which government is trying to develop industries:
i. By encouraging foreign investors who have enough capital and the skills to invest in the country.
ii. By providing land to the industrialists at low cost.
iii. Getting loans from the World Bank, the EEC and the I.M.F.
iv. Discouraging the importation of some goods from other countries.
v. Encouraging trade shows so that the manufacturers can expose the goods.
vi. Emphasise on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy.
vii. Improvement of the infrastructure.
Question
(a) Draw a sketch map to show the position of Khartoum.
(i) Suggest reasons why Khartoum is located where it is.
(ii) Outline its functions.
(c) i) State the problems experienced by the inhabitants of Khartoum.
(ii) How are these problems being solved?
Sketch map showing the position of Khartoum
(i)Khartoum is located where it is because of the confluence (meeting) of the White Nile and the Blue Nile.
i. The area was suitable as a meeting point for trading activities.
ii. The place also had defensive advantages and was safe for settlement
iii. The terrain (land scape) was good for the railway development. Khartoum therefore became a rail focal point.
iv. The fertile soils which attracted high population.
(ii) The functions of Khartoum
i. It is the capital city of Sudan.
ii. The major commercial centre.
iii. A seat of the central government and headquarters of foreign embassies.
iv. Serves as industrial centre with light industries which manufacture furniture, glass ware, clothes.
v. It is the transport and communication centre with an international airport.
vi. It is an educational centre with a University campus located in it.
vii. Serves as a residential centre.
viii. Khartoum is a cultural centre.
(c)(i) the problems facing Khartoum
i. Shortage of housing and social amenities.
ii. Social evils are increasing. Examples are theft and robbery with violence, begging, conmen acts, graft and murder.
iii. High rate of unemployment.
iv. Juvenile deliquency. This refers to the behavior involving lack of moral values. The lawless acts such as drug abuse and drug addiction, smoking, teenage pregnancies. These lead to crime and mental disorder.
v. Neglect of agriculture in rural areas.
vi. Traffic congestion.
vii. High rate of pollution.
viii. Depopulation in the rural areas.
SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS
i. Developing small urban centres such as Schedi in the north, Sodiri, Kosti and Malakal.
ii. The Gezira, Managil and Kanana irrigation schemes have helped in reducing pressure on Khartoum by establishing settlement schemes.
iii. Decentralisation of industries far away from Khartoum.
iv. Decentralisation of places of learning into different towns like Juba in the South, Kasala in the East, Wadi Halfa in the north and Nyala in the west.
v. Encouraging cottage industries in the rural areas.
vi. Developing rural areas so that fewer migrants are attracted to Khartoum city.
vii. Encouraging birth control measures to reduce rapid population growth.
QUESTION SEVENTY TWO
(a) Draw a sketch map to show the position of either Port Lagos or Port Cape Town and on it mark and label its hinterland.
(b) Explain the factors that led to the development of the port chosen.
(c) Name three commodities handled by the port.
(d)(i) State the other functions of the port chosen.
(ii) Outline the problems facing this port.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
(a) Map of Lagos showing the hinterland
(b) FACTORS THAT LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORT LAGOS
Lagos had an excellent defensive advantage that is why it was inhabited by the earliest Yoruba people and latter becoming a flourishing trading centre for the Benin people.
It was used by the slave traders in West Africa.
It was occupied by the British Colonialists
Lagos is located in an area with a dense population distribution.
Lagos is an entreport to Nigeria and this made her attract a large number of industries of about 600 factories of all sizes.
(c) The commodities handled by the ports are:
Exports: Oil, Cocoa, Palm Kernels, Rubber, Groundnuts, Cotton, Hides and Skins.
Imports: Sugar, Machinery, Electrical goods Vehicles, Steel and manufactured goods.
(d)(i)
i. It is an industrial centre with eight industrial estates for example Ijola, Iganmu, Isolo, Yaba, Ikeja,
ii. Ghagada, Matori, Ilupeju and Agidingbi.
iii. It is a residential centre for example at Apapa and Jaba.
iv. Transport and communication centre.
v. Education centre.
vi. Cultural and religious centre.
(ii) PROBLEMS FACING LAGOS
i. The problem of congestion therefore, no land for further expansion.
ii. The problem of industrial pollution.Industrial expansion has been hindered by inadequate supply of water and electricity.
iii. Poor transport and communication.
iv. Traffic jam especially during rush hours.
v. Unemployment among the youth.
vi. Shortage of housing and social amenities.
vii. Neglect of agriculture in rural areas especially when youth move to Lagos.
viii. Social evils such as prostitution drug abuse, petty thieving and murder.
ix. Growth of slums which are associated with:
x. Poor sanitation, Rapid spread of diseases, Prostitution, Moral decay, Criminal cases
(a) Describe the location of Johannesburg.
(i) Name the industrial regions marked 1,2,3,4,5. (ii)State marked 6. (iii) Country 7. (iv) River 8.
(b) Explain at least three functional zones of Johannesburg.
(i) Explain why Johannesburg is a Cornubation.
(ii) Describe the factors that led to the growth of Johannesburg.
(iii) List two heavy and two light industries in the city of Johannesburg.
(iv) Name the seven industrial regions and the industries in each area.
(c)(i) Explain three ways in which industries in Uganda are not as developed as those in South Africa.
(ii) State two ways in which the government is trying to develop industries in Uganda.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS:
(a) Johannesburg "The city of gold" is located on the Gold Bank reef in the north east of the water and which is the mining industrial zone in South Africa advantaged by the existence of local raw materials namely gold, iron ore, and water from the Vaal. The city covers about 27s.km and it is the largest in Africa.
(a) The industrial regions marked are: 1. Johannesburg;
2. Cape town; 3. Port Elizabeth; 4. East London; 5. Durban.
(ii) State marked 6 is Orange Free State.
(iii) Country 7 is Lesotho.
(iv) River 8 is R. Orange.
Some of the functional zones of Johannesburg are:
It is the Centre Business District (C.B.D), this is the busiest part of the city with tall buildings for banks, insurance, offices similar in nature to those sky scrappers of New York or Cairo.
It is a focus of railway and road transport network, Johannesburg is well accessed to the coastal sea ports and markets of Cape town, Port Elizabeth and Durban.
It is a gold mining centre of the Rand, it is the centre of heavy and manufacturing industry. In the whole of s. Africa, its industrial employment leads by 50% in comparison with Cape town 28%, Natal 19%, orange Free State 3% in terms of employment.
d) A Cornubation : A cornubation is an area of large urban communities where towns have spread and become joined beyond their administrative boundaries. Johannesburg conurbation contains a population of about 2.5 million.
Reasons that explain why Johannesburg is a Cornubation are:
There are many gold fields such as Krugersdop, Marainsburg, West Rand, Clerksdop which have a population of about ½ million labourers who have provided market.
The presence of iron ore at Thabazimbi and Pretoria led to the development of iron and steel industry.
There are many coal fields such as Witbank, Middleburg and Vereeninging. This coal is used for cooking purposes, for thermal power and chemical production.
There is a network of good roads and railways which link the land to the main towns and sea ports like Durban, East London, Cape town and Maputo. Johannesburg also has a large airport.
The river Vaal meets the water requirements of the Cornubation.
The Conurbation includes many satellite towns around Johannesburg for example Krigersdrorp, Clerksdrop, Soweto, Marawsburg, Alexandra, Benoni, Spring germiston and Kereenging. All these towns are industrial towns and form part of the conurbation.
ii) The factors that led to the growth of Johannesburg
i. The solid base provided gold and coal, have been the factors responsible for the growth of Johannesburg.
ii. Besides coal and gold, South Africa also produces subsequent quantities of iron ore, tin, lead, manganese, silver, tungsten, phosphates, limestone and salt. These provided raw materials for the industries in the area.
iii. The coming of foreign investors. These found South Africa attractive for industrialisation. The region had enough labour, market, raw materials and cheap power like coal.
iv. The wide range of agricultural products which include both crop and animal products gave rise to the processing industries which attracted high population in the city.
v. The employment opportunities offered by the industries in the region forced people to go and settle in this region.
(iii) The seven industrial (satellite) towns of Johannesburg and their industries are:
i. Germiston: Chemicals and textiles
ii. Nigel Glass, paper, railway carriages
iii. Vanderbiljpark Engineering and machinery
iv. Witbank Steel rolling
v. Kempton Park Food canning
vi. Vereenging Brick and tile production
vii. Transvaal Iron and steel
(e) The ways in which the industries in Uganda are not as developed as industries in South Africa.
i. Industries in South Africa are heavy industries producing manufactured goods for example iron and steel industry and automobile industries. While in Uganda there are processing and agro-based industries only.
ii. Uganda lacks uranium for the provision of power. South Africa has plenty of coal and uranium
iii. The industrial sector in Uganda is largely affected by limited supply of technical know how and capital while South Africa has enough capital and technology.
iv. There are few people employed in industries in Uganda. However, South African industries employ many people.
v. Power industry in Uganda is demonstrated by the H.E.P. while in South Africa a variety of power sources are used.
vi. Industries in Uganda tend to depend on the input from abroad. In South Africa most of the inputs are obtained from within the country.
Ways in which government is trying to develop industries:
i. By encouraging foreign investors who have enough capital and the skills to invest in the country.
ii. By providing land to the industrialists at low cost.
iii. Getting loans from the World Bank, the EEC and the I.M.F.
iv. Discouraging the importation of some goods from other countries.
v. Encouraging trade shows so that the manufacturers can expose the goods.
vi. Emphasise on privatisation and liberalisation of the economy.
vii. Improvement of the infrastructure.
Question
(a) Draw a sketch map to show the position of Khartoum.
(i) Suggest reasons why Khartoum is located where it is.
(ii) Outline its functions.
(c) i) State the problems experienced by the inhabitants of Khartoum.
(ii) How are these problems being solved?
Sketch map showing the position of Khartoum
(i)Khartoum is located where it is because of the confluence (meeting) of the White Nile and the Blue Nile.
i. The area was suitable as a meeting point for trading activities.
ii. The place also had defensive advantages and was safe for settlement
iii. The terrain (land scape) was good for the railway development. Khartoum therefore became a rail focal point.
iv. The fertile soils which attracted high population.
(ii) The functions of Khartoum
i. It is the capital city of Sudan.
ii. The major commercial centre.
iii. A seat of the central government and headquarters of foreign embassies.
iv. Serves as industrial centre with light industries which manufacture furniture, glass ware, clothes.
v. It is the transport and communication centre with an international airport.
vi. It is an educational centre with a University campus located in it.
vii. Serves as a residential centre.
viii. Khartoum is a cultural centre.
(c)(i) the problems facing Khartoum
i. Shortage of housing and social amenities.
ii. Social evils are increasing. Examples are theft and robbery with violence, begging, conmen acts, graft and murder.
iii. High rate of unemployment.
iv. Juvenile deliquency. This refers to the behavior involving lack of moral values. The lawless acts such as drug abuse and drug addiction, smoking, teenage pregnancies. These lead to crime and mental disorder.
v. Neglect of agriculture in rural areas.
vi. Traffic congestion.
vii. High rate of pollution.
viii. Depopulation in the rural areas.
SOLUTIONS TO THE PROBLEMS
i. Developing small urban centres such as Schedi in the north, Sodiri, Kosti and Malakal.
ii. The Gezira, Managil and Kanana irrigation schemes have helped in reducing pressure on Khartoum by establishing settlement schemes.
iii. Decentralisation of industries far away from Khartoum.
iv. Decentralisation of places of learning into different towns like Juba in the South, Kasala in the East, Wadi Halfa in the north and Nyala in the west.
v. Encouraging cottage industries in the rural areas.
vi. Developing rural areas so that fewer migrants are attracted to Khartoum city.
vii. Encouraging birth control measures to reduce rapid population growth.
QUESTION SEVENTY TWO
(a) Draw a sketch map to show the position of either Port Lagos or Port Cape Town and on it mark and label its hinterland.
(b) Explain the factors that led to the development of the port chosen.
(c) Name three commodities handled by the port.
(d)(i) State the other functions of the port chosen.
(ii) Outline the problems facing this port.
POSSIBLE ANSWERS
(a) Map of Lagos showing the hinterland
(b) FACTORS THAT LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF PORT LAGOS
Lagos had an excellent defensive advantage that is why it was inhabited by the earliest Yoruba people and latter becoming a flourishing trading centre for the Benin people.
It was used by the slave traders in West Africa.
It was occupied by the British Colonialists
Lagos is located in an area with a dense population distribution.
Lagos is an entreport to Nigeria and this made her attract a large number of industries of about 600 factories of all sizes.
(c) The commodities handled by the ports are:
Exports: Oil, Cocoa, Palm Kernels, Rubber, Groundnuts, Cotton, Hides and Skins.
Imports: Sugar, Machinery, Electrical goods Vehicles, Steel and manufactured goods.
(d)(i)
i. It is an industrial centre with eight industrial estates for example Ijola, Iganmu, Isolo, Yaba, Ikeja,
ii. Ghagada, Matori, Ilupeju and Agidingbi.
iii. It is a residential centre for example at Apapa and Jaba.
iv. Transport and communication centre.
v. Education centre.
vi. Cultural and religious centre.
(ii) PROBLEMS FACING LAGOS
i. The problem of congestion therefore, no land for further expansion.
ii. The problem of industrial pollution.Industrial expansion has been hindered by inadequate supply of water and electricity.
iii. Poor transport and communication.
iv. Traffic jam especially during rush hours.
v. Unemployment among the youth.
vi. Shortage of housing and social amenities.
vii. Neglect of agriculture in rural areas especially when youth move to Lagos.
viii. Social evils such as prostitution drug abuse, petty thieving and murder.
ix. Growth of slums which are associated with:
x. Poor sanitation, Rapid spread of diseases, Prostitution, Moral decay, Criminal cases