1.   High production costs:- These arise from the following:-

2. Excessive demand for goods:- If the demand is excessively high and the supply is low, then prices  generally go up 

3. Irrational expansionary monetary policy:- This results into uncontrolled increase in the supply of money which leads to inflation.

4. Effects of structural adjustment programme:-IMF programmes which encourage devaluation of the currency and elimination of subsidies, resulting into rising prices in the economy.

5. Importation from high cost resources:-imported inflation arises to importation of goods from countries Experiencing inflation.

6. Effects of foreign funded projects:-Projects with heavy foreign exchange components result into large sums of money in circulation which is not backed by the production of goods and services in proportion.

7. Political Instability:- This disrupts production in some areas there by contributing to shortage of goods in the economy which results into inflation.

8. Effects of business speculation:-The tendency of business men to increase prices in anticipation coupled with the announcement effects of the budget causes inflation in the economy.

9. Desire for higher profits:- The desire by the business community to make higher supernormal profits makes them to charge high prices continuously leading to inflationary situation.

10. Poor performance of the agricultural sector:-This leads to shortage of food in the economy which leads to rising prices.        

11. General breakdown in the production sector:-When there is a general break down in the production sector of the economy. A structural inflation break out.

12. Rising oil prices:-When the prices of petroleum products rise, the general price level in the economy also rises leading to inflation,

13. Depreciation of the local currency:-When the local currency losses value against foreign currencies, then the prices of goods begin to rise leading to inflation.

14. Excessive printing ,of money:-The central bank may also lead to increased circulation of money without corresponding output of goods and services leading to inflation,

15. Increased inflow of incomes from abroad:- When foreign currencies are brought. into the country and converted into local currency, there is increased money supply leading to inflation.

16. Excessive government expenditure:- This also leads to increased money supply without corresponding output of goods and services leading to inflation.