The questions we have asked
in the last section prepare us for 11: 1-13. Solomon's marriages to foreign
women led him into building temples for the gods worshipped by his wives and
worshipping those gods himself, alongside the God of Israel. The judgement of
the writer of the book of Kings is plain: 'He was not faithful to the LORD his
God, as his father David had been.' This unfaithfulness would be punished.
Apart from the fact of Solomon's apostasy (his worship of other gods), there
was also the question as to how much of the nation's wealth he had spent over
the years on his numerous wives. He had built them palaces and temples and the
standard of living in the royal court was very high; 1 Kings 4: 22-23 lists the
daily supplies for the court and 10: 22 says that the cups and utensils used by
the king were of gold. Chapter 10: 4-5 describes the amazement of the queen of
Sheba when she saw the magnificence of life in the royal palace. The king's
household and his officials lived in luxury, but what about the ordinary people
of Israel? Many of the men had already experienced forced labour.
Verses 14-25 refer to two
enemies of Solomon who were waiting for an opportunity to cause trouble for
Israel. One was in Edom, south-east of the Dead Sea in the area where copper
was mined, and the other was in the north, in Syria. The third, and most significant
enemy is described in 11: 26-40. He was a man from one of the northern tribes
who had been an important overseer of the forced labour gangs from the two
northern tribes of Manasseh and Ephraim. What happened to cause Jeroboam son of
Nebat to flee for his life to Egypt, was a revolt of the tribe of Ephraim
against the rule of Solomon (verse 27). It was crushed, but hatred of the
increasing injustice under the rule of Solomon was not removed. Jeroboam stayed
in Egypt until Solomon's death. This, and the hereditary succession of the son
of Solomon called Rehoboam, is recorded in 11 : 41-43.
The brief but significant
appearance of a prophet called Ahijah, who predicts the break-up of Solomon's
kingdom as the consequence of his apostasy, is to be noted. Ahijah performed a
dramatic symbolic action as well as speaking prophetic words as the spokesman
of Israel's God.
Although Nathan the prophet
had supported the choice of Solomon as successor to David, we hear nothing of
him again after Solomon had become king and nothing is said of any other
prophet during Solomon's reign until Ahijah prophesies the break-up of the
kingdom after Solomon's death. Is this prophetic silence significant during the
reign of Solomon?