How African culture can be preserved.

Traditional economic activities should be highly encouraged all over Africa. In the rural side people should be inspired to participate in cultural gatherings and galas e.g. wrestling, boat racing, fishing, hunting, this reduces the problem of unemployment, which has led to migrants into towns. The neo- colonialist through films later exploits the people.
African governments should put in place ministries concerned with shaping peoples morals and related departments to promote cultural activities. In Uganda we have a full ministry of Ethics and Integrity.

The core responsibility of this ministry is to promote ethical values and discourage corruption. In Tanzania we have the minister of community developing and culture.

Theatre activities should be encouraged. Their works, which are rich in cultural values, should be made available to all people in the school and public libraries. The National theatres are highly committed to promoting African values through songs, poems, plays and dances, further attempts have been made to create the Uganda Theatre Development Association based in National theatre for Uganda. This Association works hand in hand with the Germany Cultural Association in so doing the damaged African Culture is being renovated.

African arts and crafts are being promoted through exhibitions West Africa leaders dress in African code of wear, they promote African languages and other cultural values in their countries.

Recognition of African writers through the Association known as African writers series. In these series traditional novels and play books of Ngugi a grain of wheat Okot p’ bitek songs of Lawino. Further more these books are encouraged for study at Ordinary and Advanced level by literature students in Uganda. As these books are studied evaluation and respect of African culture is achieved.

Besides the use of traditional instruments like drums in places of worship. Even traditional dances are encouraged among the modern audience. In Uganda for example when the clergymen visit rural communities they are entertained in Luo, Gishu or Masai dances. This has been the case even on political occasions like Heroes day Women's day besides the Jazz Band African dances are also respected.

Respect for African cultural values has been through the naming patterns. In Africa all presidents have a series of names. In these names African names are also used. In Kenya we had JOMO Kenyatta, Oginga Odinga, Arap Moi, Mwai Kibaki, and Fredrick Chiluba Zambia not to forget Nelson Mandela and Thabo Mbeki of South Africa. As they use these names they portray African culture a preference to Western culture.

Besides African language being examined at ordinary and Advanced levels in Ugandan schools for example They are recommended for study in African universities. They are also offered at Makerere University where Luo, Luganda, Runyakitara are taught in the Department of African studies as the case is in the University of Pretoria South Africa.

Cultural festivals are encouraged in schools and colleges. These help to instill among the young generation the respect for their culture in Uganda. It's done, annually in the famous Inter House music, dance and drama festivals. They are done at district or school levels. The climax is National competition held at National Theatre after the district and Inter district competition.

Adoption of indigenous languages as substitutes to foreign languages. For instance in Uganda with effect from 2001 Luganda, Luo, Runyakitara, are being taught in secondary schools, h Tanzania TANU declared Kiswahili as a national language. Swahili was later promoted to replace English. In Kenya Swahili is used as the National language. This is spilling over to other parts of Africa countries. They are making African language an integral part of cultural.

The rapid Africanisation of the teaching personnel has been a move to rehabilitate African Cultural heritage In the process African scholars In lecture theatres and classrooms dispute Euro centric views. Views like Speke was the first to discover the source of river Nile. They have been re-oriented to Speke being the first white to see river Nile for the people in Busoga had already fished in it; seen it in fact they had named it "Kiira" in reference to the rapids and fails.

Besides Africanisation of teaching personal also the administrative structure of these institution has been Africanized. The chancellors of major universities in Africa e.g. Dar-es-salaam, in Tanzania, Nairobi in Kenya Makerere in Uganda, Ibadan in Nigeria they are Africans and a large portion of other administrators are Africans. This has helped to reduce intellectual dependency on the metropolitan countries. Which in itself is a gesture towards cultural revival.

Governments in Africa have financed intensive Research aimed at preserving African traditions and values jointly. Today in Ghana the institute of African studies was established at Logon University in Uganda and East Africa the institution of social research based in Makerere University is being utilized for that purpose of preserving African culture.

Attempts are underway to Africanise the curricular and syllabus in institutions where students will be taught in their native language, the purpose of this is to do away with studying alien cultures. African history and literature are now being encouraged in schools.

Africanisation of the mass media has helped to renovate-African culture indigenous languages are used newspapers and radio in -Uganda, Local newspaper like Bukedde, Rupiny, Etop, Orumuri are moves-to promote indigenous languages, omubala and Tulatuwaye are Luganda programs on WBS television that promote African values other programmes are the Swahili broadcast on BBC all these are crucial in reforming African values and traditions.

African Movements like Uganda North America Association (UNAA), Pan African movements and OAU are seriously encouraged in decampaigning Neo-Colonialism and its evils on African culture. This has created mass awareness of the need to preserve African culture.

Activities of traditional healers and medicine men are being respected alongside the modern medicine drugs. Traditional healers and medicine have formed Associations like Uganda Ne dagala lyayo native Doctor's Association. Policies have been formed in favour of their existence.

Traditional kingdom and chiefdoms are being instated. In Uganda under the NRM government Uganda has seen the return of monarchism in central Uganda Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi II was re-instituted as the Kabaka of Uganda, in Busoga Isebantu Muloki and Swaziland the royal family existed. These kingdoms are constitutionally recognized as cultural limits without the interference of the central courts headed by the cultural elders and clan leaders.

Cultural Associations and groups are being encouraged in higher institutions learning like Makerere, Kyambogo university, Makerere Business school, National Teachers Colleges. Associations like Bana bakintu and Nkobazambogo students Association exists for the Baganda students and well wishers, Abasoga ensette for Basoga. The students Association are inspired to operate. They promote African cultural revival meetings.

In Africa cultural sites are being proved to show the cultural heritage of Africa. In Uganda Kasubi tombs are being rehabilitated and preserved with cultural art facts about Buganda kingdom ranging from spears to bows and arrows that were nested by different kings.

 

Bigo byabagenyi, Nakayima tree, Bujagali falls are being preserved as cultural sites. The same is true with royal Swazi in Swaziland.

Good government should be promoted in Africa puppet leaders should always be done away with democratically. Bad governance has always bred Neo- colonialism, which erodes African culture.

Finally parents should endeavor to shape the morals and life style of their children right from home this will largely expose the young generation in Africa to African cultural values and norms. Since these values .are appreciated and encouraged by the parents their observance becomes on the side of the children.

National Movements and New States in Africa