Western education. Christian missionaries had emphasized The dignity and equality of all persons. This made the educated Kenyans e.g James Gichuru . Tom Mboya, Oginga Odinga, Jomo Kenyatta and Eluid Mathu to condemn the white man's superiority in Kenya.

The role of the mass media. Newspapers such as Muiguithania (started in 1928 by Jomo Kenyatta), Sauti ya Mwafrika and the Kenya Weekly News exposed the atrocities of the British colonialists and called upon Kenyans to fight for their freedoms.

The formation of welfare Associations. These included the Kikuyu Association, the Young Kikuyu Association the Young Kavirondo Association, the North Kavirondo Central Association.

The role of independent Churches. African clergy who -were discriminated broke off from the white missionary Churches and formed native independent Churches.

The emergency of political parties also stimulated nationalism in Kenya. The earliest and most active nationalistic party was the Kenya African Union (KAU) other parties like Tom Mboya's Nairobi Peoples' Convention Party (1957), KANU and KADU in 1960 etc. These spread nationalistic ideas.

Trade Unions also fuelled nationalism in Kenya. Before, during and after the 2^nd world war, Trade Unions played a big role of sensitizing Kenyan workers about their rights. In 1939, trade unionists organised the Mombasa African Workers' general strike.

Urbanization played a major role in stimulating Kenyan nationalism. This was especially true with Nairobi City which attracted Africans from various tribes and regions.

Easy transport and communication facilitated the movement of nationalists and nationalistic ideas throughout Kenya.

The loss of political independence also fanned nationalistic feelings in Kenya. The whites dominated Kenya's politics and left the traditional African chiefs powerless.

White settler influence led to nationalistic feelings. After 2^nd world war, more settlers were encouraged into Kenya and it seemed the British wanted to turn Kenya into a white man's country. This led to nationalistic feelings.

Land alienation especially in the fertile Kenya highlands and Rift valley area aroused nationalistic feelings.

Poverty amongst Africans led to nationalistic feelings. This was due to living in overcrowded areas where no meaningful agriculture could be conducted.

Forced labour led to strong feelings of determination to send away the white men.

Colour bar in residential areas, schools, hospitals etc made Africans develop a desire to chase away the white man.

Unfair political representation also fanned nationalism in Kenya. Until 1944, no African was allowed to sit on the colonial legislative councils.

The Kipande system which deprived Africans of their right to move freely in their country also fanned nationalistic feelings.

The British divide and rule policy whereby they favoured and promoted other tribes of Kenya at the expense of the Kikuyu led to a rise of Kikuyu nationalism.

Swahili language helped in the rise of Kenyan nationalism. It was commonly used and understood by the majority of Kenyans. So, it made communication and co-ordination between elites, peasants and soldiers very easy.

The missionary attempt to undermine Kikuyu culture stimulated cultural nationalism. The Kikuyu cherished circumcision but which the whites wanted to abolish. This created resentment and nationalistic feelings.

The unfair agricultural policies also led to nationalistic feelings. These included forced soil conservation, de-stocking of Ukamba cattle and preventing Africans from growing profitable cash crops. All this led to ill feelings and thus the rise of nationalism.

The domination of Kenya's economy by Asians also fanned nationalistic feelings. Whereas Asians were prospering Africans were growing poorer.

The banning of political parties and imprisonment of Kenya nationalists only served to fuel Kenyan nationalism

The impact of the 2nd world war did more to arouse Kenyan nationalism than anything else. That's why after 1945, the pace towards independence grew faster.

· Kenyan soldiers who had come into contact with the outside world returned full of democratic and nationalistic ideas.

· They had learnt military skills and had seen the defeat of the white man. e.g In Burma, So, they no longer feared the white man and were ready to use force to uproot colonialism.

· They had learnt the white man's language, had listened to the wireless and read newspapers. Their horizon of reasoning was therefore widened.

· Some of them, like Bildad Kaggia had been discriminated in the colonial armies whereby as a sergeant he had reprimanded an untidy European corporal but was warned never to give orders to his white juniors.

· Bildad Kaggia had travelled in U.K where he met social equality and democracy.

· The adverse effects of the 2nd world war made whites to allow Kenyans grow cash crops which they were originally denied. This made them obtain money to sponsor nationalistic activities.

· Ex-service men joined KAU.

· Ex-service men formed independent Churches e.g Kaggia.

The formation of the 40 group led to the rise of nationalistic feelings in Kenya. After the second world war, the radicals within the KAU formed a secret militant group called the forty group or Anake wa 40.

The declaration of a state of emergence. On October 20th and 21st, Sir Evelyn Barring ordered a state of emergency in which a number of KAU leaders and other nationalists were arrested and detained for 7 years.

The influence of the labour party. After the 2nd world war, the labour party rose to power in Britain and started preparing the British colonial empire for independence.

The formation of the UNO also fanned nationalism in Kenya.

The 1945 Manchester conference stimulated nationalistic feelings in Kenya.

The independence of India in 1947 had a great influence on the growth of Kenyan nationalism.

The breach of the 1930 Native land trust ordinance aroused bitter feelings leading to Kenyan nationalism, It had suggested that land for Africans would be left untouched and that reserves would by used by Africans for their benefits. But when gold was discovered at Kakamega (western Kenya) the Native lands ordinance was broken and land grabbing continued.

The 1958 Accra conference, This was an All African Peoples' conference called by Kwame Nkrumah .

The independence of other African Countries e.g the Egyptian coup of 1952 etc